• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to the processing of metals by vibration and can be used in metallurgy and mechanical engineering in the manufacture of stressed structures. The purpose of the invention is to relieve internal stresses. The essence of the invention is that the product is subjected to frequency brains of selected values of the frequencies of rotation of the vibrator. The choice of the frequency of the inlet of the vibrator borrows the HJ number, which reproduces the exact characteristics of the oi-oj-coupling using the vibrator in its working range and for which for individual values of the frequencies of rotation of the vibrator in its working range in a certain range of higher criteria the corresponding higher harmonics of those oscillations are determined in which resonant phenomena appear in the operating range or similar stable oscillatory states. At the same time, in order to relieve internal stresses in the product, the values of rotational frequencies are selected that cause the harmonics to accumulate in a certain range of harmonic vstxx .8 Cp. f-ly, 3 ill. se
    公开号:SU1620051A3
    申请号:SU874203415
    申请日:1987-09-25
    公开日:1991-01-07
    发明作者:Шнайдер Дитмар
    申请人:Фср Мартин Инжинеринг Гмбх (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to the processing of metals by vibration and can be used in metallurgy and mechanical engineering in the manufacture of stressed structures.
    The purpose of the invention is to relieve internal stresses.
    The essence of the invention is that for individual frequencies of rotation of the vibrator in its operating range (for example, 1200-6000 rpm or 20-100 Hz) and in a certain range of higher harmonics (for example, 100-2000 Hz), the corresponding harmonics of those oscillations in which resonance phenomena or similar stable oscillatory states occur in the operating range, and that in order to relieve internal stresses in the product, those values of the frequencies of rotation of the vibrator in its operating range that cause the accumulation of harmony u in a certain range of higher harmonics,
    The distribution of the harmonics propagating in the product due to the excitation of the vibrator by oscillation gives much better information about what frequencies of excitation of the vibrator in its operating range should be
    Tsa l
    there is a decrease in internal stresses than the peaks appearing in the actual operating range. The products should not be very complicated in order to have a large number of stable oscillatory states that lie far beyond the frequency range in which the vibrator is operated. By analyzing the range of higher rapmonics for individual rotational frequencies, the vibrator in which the product is prone to stable oscillations, information is obtained on which vibrator rotation frequencies result in an accumulation of vibrations in the harmonic range and which operating frequencies of the vibrator are important for relieving internal stresses. Essential are the working vibrations of the vibrator, which result in as many excitations as possible in the range of higher harmonics.
    To determine the accumulation of harmonics in a certain range of higher harmonics, one can go two ways. For example, in the working range of a vibrator, phenomena of resonance or the like, other stable vibrational states are determined and for the peaks determined on the vibration characteristic, the corresponding higher harmonics are determined mathematically. Then, from these mathematically determined parameters of the harmonics, it is determined which parameters from the working range of the vibrator cause the accumulation of higher harmonics.
    Higher harmonics are also determined by measurement. Here, it is possible to operate using conventional frequency analysis methods because the product is excited by a vibrator with a continuously increasing frequency of rotation or in small steps of the frequency of rotation, or the product is subjected to a certain shock pulse to determine the oscillations.
    As additional selection criteria, it is preferable to use the amplitudes of the measured higher harmonics. The larger the amplitude, the more suitable the working frequency to this higher harmonic for the internal vibrator, which removes the internal voltages, therefore, in the method, the accumulation of higher harmonics is correlated with
    50
    50
    p 45 Q
    .
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    the corresponding amplitude, for example, is multiplied so that we can then make a choice from the diagram thus obtained.
    A variant is possible, which leads to a further optimization of the choice of the frequency values of the rotation of the vibrator to relieve internal stresses, and higher harmonics can be determined by the calculation method as well as by the measurement method, and processing is possible using a computer. By dividing the higher harmonics range into adjoining sections with a certain frequency band, for example 7 Hz, direct information is obtained in which frequency ranges there are accumulations of higher harmonics. Since the statistical distribution of harmonics in the higher harmonics range is uneven, and at relatively low values it has a maximum, improved information is obtained about the accumulation of higher harmonics if the product-related result of the distribution of higher harmonics is compared with the statistical distribution to determine which ranges of higher harmonics compared to the statistical distribution, the accumulation of higher harmonics actually appears.
    It is possible to take into account not only the accumulation of harmonics in the range of higher harmonics, but also those values of the frequency of rotation of the vibrator, which t but the possibilities excite many ranges of higher harmonics with clusters
    harmonics.
    t
    It is possible to determine other values of the rotation frequency of the vibrator to relieve internal stresses from the priority 1 rotation speed values, which respectively provide the maximum number of selected parts of the ranges with higher harmonics. You can no longer take into account those higher harmonics that follow from the already selected values of the frequency of rotation of the vibrator. Thus, a single rotation frequency value is selected respectively and then the selected frequency ranges are again determined. Since those higher harmonics that relate to the rotational frequency already selected are no longer taken into account, the previously selected former parts of the ranges will probably disappear, and from the remaining or newly selected parts of the ranges
     accordingly, the next operating frequency of the vibrator is selected.
    The method provides various possibilities for determining the measurement diagram, from which higher harmonics are determined (usually, the acceleration / rotation speed diagram is used). When a product is excited with a vibrator on a product, at least one accelerometer is installed on the product to record the vibration characteristic, which gives relatively good information about which frequencies the product has preferred oscillations. Instead of the diagram, the acceleration / rotation frequency parameters can also be used rotation or diagram of the distortion factor / rotational speed. The distortion factor / rotation frequency diagram has, in contrast to the acceleration parameters / rotation frequency parameters with increasing frequencies, having a quadratic increase, a form constant in rotation frequency, not counting the peaks contained in it.
    Figure 1 shows an example of a diagram of acceleration parameters / product rotation frequency} in Figure 2 - a simplified graph of the diagram of acceleration parameters / rotation frequency with a corresponding harmonic diagram; FIG. 3 is a depiction of the comparison of the higher harmonics of the two parts of the ranges from the range of the higher harmonics for selectable operating frequencies of rotation of the vibrator.
    Figure 1 shows a typical acceleration / rotational frequency diagram for a rotational frequency range of 1200-4800 rpm, showing a large number of peaks or peaks in which elevated acceleration parameters are displayed with a corresponding rotational speed. These peaks need not necessarily be explained by resonant vibrations at the excitation frequency using a vibrator, if the accelerometer is sensitive to higher frequencies. In this case, the accelerometer also measures oscillation accelerations with frequencies outside the operating range. It may happen that the product at the excitation frequency, for example, 40 Hz, oscillates only slightly, but despite this, the accelerometer is 0
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    It indicates a relatively high value there. This is a sign that the product in this case oscillates strongly at the corresponding harmonic frequency of 40 Hz.
    Fig. 2 shows a strongly simplified diagram of acceleration / rotational speed parameters corresponding to the diagram shown in Fig. 2. 1. This diagram shows the product vibrations with a vibrator with an increasing frequency of rotation of the vibrator and acceleration characteristics. In this case, the vibrator starts from a rotational speed of 1200 rpm to 6000 rpm and the rotational speed changes in steps of 20-30 rb / min and the corresponding acceleration value is fixed accordingly. In this case, three peaks or maximums of frequencies 30, 70 and 95 Hz are determined.
    With the diagram, the acceleration parameters / / rotation frequency are conjugated as depicted in Fig. 2, the upper harmonics diagram on which the upper harmonics range is defined within 100 - 2000 Hz. Then, for all, without exception, certain peaks in the diagram, the acceleration parameters / rotation frequency or for the corresponding excitation frequencies, higher harmonics are calculated, and to calculate higher harmonics, the excitation frequency is multiplied by order integers, respectively. For the example of the peaks shown here in the diagram, the parameters of the acceleration / rotation frequency at frequencies of 30, 70 and 95 Hz on a definite diagram of higher harmonics 100-2000 Hz, the following higher harmonics are obtained: 30 x 2 60 Hz (invalid, because in the established harmonic range), 30 x 3 90 Hz, 30 x 4 120 Hz, 30 x 5 150 Hz, 30 x 6 180 Hz, 30 x 7 210 Hz, 30 x 8 240 Hz, 30 x 9 270 Hz, 30 х х 10 300 Hz, 30 х 11 330 Hz, 30 х 12 360 Hz, 30 х 13 390 Hz, 30 х 14 420 Hz, 30 х 15 - 450 Hz.
    Preferably, only the first 15-18 harmonic components are considered, so that for an excitation frequency of 30 Hz, the maximum maximum harmonic frequency considered is 450 Hz. 2, respectively, only 5, 10 and 15 harmonic components of the following higher harmonics are applied: 70 x 2 140 Hz, 70 x 3 210 Hz, 70 x 4 280 Hz, 70 x 5 350 Hz, 70 x 6 420 Hz, 70 x 7 490 Hz, 70 x 8 560 Hz, Hz, 70 x Hz 70 x 11 770 Hz, 70 x 12 840 Hz, 70 x 13 - 910 Hz, 70 x 14 980 Hz, 70 x 15 1050 Hz; 95 x 2 190 Hz, 95 x x 3 285 Hz, 95 x 4 380 Hz, 95 x 5 475 Hz, 95 x 6 570 Hz, 95 x 7 665 Hz, 95 x 8 760 Hz, 95 x 9 855 Hz, 95 x 10 950 Hz, 95 x x 11 1045 Hz, 95 x 12 1140 Hz, 95 x 13 1235 Hz, 95 x 14 1330 Hz, 95 x 15 1425 Hz.
    On the harmonic diagram in the range of 100-1000 Hz, the bandwidth of adjacent sections is defined as 6 Hz. Thus (2000-100) is defined: 6,317 plots and the number of higher harmonics in each section is determined, which follows from the rotation frequencies of the diagram, the scrolling parameters / rotation frequency at which peaks appear. For example, the 5th fifth harmonic of an oscillator vibrator at 30 Hz, the frequency of which is equal to 150 Hz, falls into the ninth section, the range of which is determined to be 148-154 Hz. As a result of the first operation of the method, at each section of the range, the characteristic number of higher harmonics for the product, corresponding to the corresponding part of the range,
    Now the ranges of the regions are arranged in accordance with the number of higher harmonics that come to the corresponding region. Then, in a relatively simple way, from a very small number of sections with the maximum number of higher harmonics appearing on them, the acceleration / rotation frequency parameters are selected from the diagram with the corresponding base frequencies and these rotation frequencies are used for vibratory release of internal stresses.
    I
    In FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes the course of the curve which reproduces the statistical distribution of higher harmonics. By statistical distribution of higher harmonics is meant the distribution that is obtained if a similar calculation of higher harmonics is made, but does not come from the frequencies at which peaks are obtained in the product , but


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    the basis is a constant step width, for example, Hz, the statistical distribution is not constant over the range of higher harmonics, but has a maximum. When using the proposed method, the number of higher harmonics is normalized in separate ranges of sections relative to this statistical j, distribution, before ordering the ranges of sections according to their priority.
    It is possible to obtain an even higher optimization of internal stress relief in the product. For this, based on the peaks in the diagram, the acceleration / rotation frequency parameters determine the number of upper harmonics in individual ranges of the sections, and if necessary, this number is normalized using a statistical distribution. Then, the priority of the range of sections is determined again, for example, out of all the 317 sections of the range, the 100 with the highest priority are selected. Of these 100 selected plots of ranges, the higher harmonics that led to the selection of these plots of ranges are subjected to further investigation. For each of these 100 range plots, those excitation frequencies from the vibrator working range that generated the highest harmonics in this range section are combined into a family. Such a family may consist, for example, of 2-14 family members. Now, in the working range of the vibrator, the family members are mapped for all 100 selected portions of the ranges and the sequence of family members is determined in the priority list in accordance with the number of their I degree of relationship. In FIG. 3, two portions of ranges a and b are allocated that relate to selected portions of ranges. With the help of the chain of arrows related to the part of the Cf range, those frequencies from the working range that generated the higher harmonics coming into the 1 part of the range a are indicated, and the corresponding frequency is done with the part of the range b. The family includes the frequencies fft f4 f i and f7, and the family Fefn в refers to the frequencies f,, f, Ј4. and fg. Frequency fq. represents an exceptional case, as it relates to both the aro family and the family,
    These families, due to their common belonging to this frequency, are characterized as related. The frequency f has a degree of relationship, while all other frequencies indicated on FIG. 3 do not correspond to any other degree of relationship.
    With a large number of peaks appearing in the measurement protocol in accordance with Fig. 1, families with a very large number of family members are formed and, accordingly, also high degrees of kinship. In the considered ordering of frequencies from the operating range of the vibrator, the highest priorities are have the greatest number of degrees of kinship. In a simplified example, in accordance with FIG. 3 frequency f. ranks first, while all others (degrees of kinship are zero) are equally below. When this selection criterion is implemented in practice, a very differentiated list is obtained with the maximum number of degrees of kinship, often reaching 10. Now, those frequencies of the vibrator operating range which in this list have the highest degrees of kinship are selected.
    In the selection criteria, by means of the formation, families assume that the frequencies that are proposed in the result of studies in the higher harmonics range (part formation and selection) for selection are more significant in the working range of the vibrator, and also have a large number of degrees of relationship, since each degree of relationship means that with the choice of only one frequency (in the indicated example, the frequency f, takes into account an additional range of higher harmonics (both parts of the q and b ranges).
    In the example described, the acceleration / rotation frequency parameters at which the maxima are determined from the diagram for the internal stress of the product to be relieved, and then the corresponding higher harmonics are calculated from them. However, it is also possible to record the higher harmonics arising in the product with the help of measuring equipment and then
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    evaluate using the selection criteria described. Registration of higher harmonics using measurement techniques can be performed using known methods of harmonic analysis or the like. In practice, in most cases it is sufficient to determine the distribution of higher harmonics only for a few frequencies of the vibrator rotation, since, due to highly nonlinear excitation by the vibrator, the harmonic components of the fundamental frequency are formed, and the excitation occurs in a relatively wide frequency spectrum. If, when measuring higher harmonics, the corresponding spectrum of higher harmonics is determined for all frequencies of rotation of the vibrator at which peaks appear, the method can be realized identically and, as when measuring in the range of higher harmonics, the amplitudes of the strongest harmonics are also obtained, so can the amplitudes included in the optimization, with preference being given to those higher harmonics that lead to higher amplitudes. Here, a first harmonic pattern is generated, on which the density or repetition of certain higher harmonics in the higher harmonic frequency band is applied, and then a second higher harmonic pattern, in which the amplitude values are plotted. By combining these diagrams, for example, by multiplying the corresponding frequency values of the two diagrams above, a third diagram is obtained which can be used as a basis for further evaluation.
    If the frequency analysis does not produce any diagram of the acceleration / rotational speed parameters, optimization cannot be carried out by establishing the degree of relationship. In this case, it is recommended to use the criterion of measured amplitudes of higher harmonics.
    Instead of the usual acceleration / rotation frequency diagram commonly used in practice, the composition also includes an amplitude / rotation frequency diagram, which takes into account the range of amplitudes of the product on the abscissa instead of the acceleration parameters. This diagram is similar to the acceleration / rotation speed diagram. A slightly different diagram is the distortion / rotational speed diagram. The distortion factor can be determined by the formula
    K (d) x
    one

    X. L de X, - oscillation amplitude at the main excitation frequency J oscillation amplitude at the K-th harmonic component relative to the fundamental frequency I
    the limit number as an integer from where f waKC is the highest limit of a certain range of high harmonics (in the specified example 2000 Hz) and F. - Corresponding basic excitation frequency.
    The distortion factor can be obtained using frequency spectrum analysis, as well as using simple measurement techniques. The analysis of the frequency spectrum reproduces mainly the part of the higher harmonics of the oscillation in accordance with the main part, which can be implemented by appropriate installation of the filter, which for this example implies a limitation of 100 Hz. Compared to the diagram, the acceleration parameters / rotation frequency diagram the distortion factor / rotation frequency does not have such a strong rise to higher frequencies (even without resonant peaks the acceleration parameters diagram / rotation frequency has a square rise above the rotation frequency)
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1. A method of processing products, including measuring the resonant frequencies of the product, the effects of vibration at these frequencies in the working frequency range of the vibrator, is distinguished by the fact that, in order to relieve internal stresses, the highest harmonics of the product oscillations are preliminarily determined resonant frequencies, and vibrations are carried out at frequencies that form the maximum skipleki higher harmonics
    five
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    nick oscillations in a given frequency range.
    [2]
    2. Method pop. 1, characterized in that the accumulation of higher 1 harmonics of the oscillation frequencies of the product is determined by calculation.
    [3]
    3. Method pop. 1, differing in root and also in that the accumulations of higher harmonics of the frequencies of oscillations of the product are determined by experimental measurements.
    [4]
    4. Method pop. 3, characterized in that to determine the accumulation of higher harmonics, a graphical dependence of the density of higher harmonics on frequency is constructed and harmonics with a measured amplitude are selected from this graph.
    [5]
    5. Method according to claims 1-4, characterized in that when determining clusters of higher harmonics of oscillations of the product, select those parts of the ranges that have the greatest number of higher harmonics with preliminary normalization relative to their statistical distribution.
    [6]
    6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the processing is carried out on a frequency from the operating range of the vibrator, which forms the largest number of predetermined parts of the higher harmonic ranges.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 6, differing from that with the fact that as the processing frequency, choose the one that is the priority in the respective largest number of specified sections of higher harmonic bands.
    [8]
    8. Method of pop, 7, o and t and with the fact that the frequency of the processing frequency is chosen with the exception of those higher harmonics that have already been determined to select the previous value of the processing frequency.
    [9]
    9. Method according to Claims 1-8, characterized in that, when determining resonant frequencies and higher harmonics, the appearance of a part of the product is measured when exposed to vibration, the acceleration parameters or the distortion factors.
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    IQ 50 Y 95 SOUH 1 M 1/3 1/2 Hz
    80 Hz 4800 $ tons
     500 §
    800Hz
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    KR880004106A|1988-06-01|
    CA1311542C|1992-12-15|
    ES2005350A6|1989-03-01|
    AT59319T|1991-01-15|
    DE3676703D1|1991-02-07|
    CN87106584A|1988-05-18|
    CN1016706B|1992-05-20|
    EP0261273B1|1990-12-27|
    KR950013283B1|1995-11-02|
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    US4823599A|1989-04-25|
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    US4381673A|1980-12-03|1983-05-03|Martin Engineering Company|Vibrational stress relief|
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    US4402222A|1982-01-26|1983-09-06|Snap-On Tools Corporation|Bolt load determining apparatus|US4968359A|1989-08-14|1990-11-06|Bonal Technologies, Inc.|Stress relief of metals|
    US5035142A|1989-12-19|1991-07-30|Dryga Alexandr I|Method for vibratory treatment of workpieces and a device for carrying same into effect|
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